Aeroporti, flotte aeree e impatto acustico al 2017 e al 2032
Ecco 14 profili di decollo da volare per mitigare le zone sorvolate
Se nel 2014 nel Mondo erano operative circa 1400 aerolinee con 25mila aeromobili commerciali tra modelli di corto-breve-lungo raggio e che trasportavano 3.3 miliardi di passeggeri/anno con 173 airspace managed
air navigation service (aziende di controllo spazio-aereo) tra ben 3900 aeroporti.
Per il 2032 l’industria del sistema aereo mondiale stima oltre 41mila aeromobili trasportanti 6.6 miliardi di passeggeri/anno. A livello planetario numerose organizzazioni come Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO), Airports Council International (ACI), in collaborazione con ICAO, FAA, CAA, Eurocontrol, EASA, e Environmental Workgroup (ENVWG) e CANSO Operations Standing Committee (OSC) con numerosi altri contributi hanno e stanno predisponendo tecniche, procedure per fronteggiare le ricadute acustiche e ambientali. Nel corso degli anni le flotte aeree sono meno impattanti e le procedure e tecniche per contenere le ricadute ambientali sono in vigore da anni. Per isolare il solo aspetto dell’inquinamento acustico generato dagli aeromobili nella fase di decollo perché, ad esempio, sugli scali aerei del Pianeta Terra non sono state imposte le procedure NADP 1 (Noise Abatement Departure Procedure e NADP 2 (Noise Abatement Departure Procedure 2). Perché non sono state adottate anche in italia?
In relazione alle stime mondiali quali stime di traffico sono state adottate al 2032 in Italia?
Quali misure sono state predisposte qualora le piste di decollo esistenti debbano raddoppiare la flotta operativa? Per quale ragione, in questi decenni, fra l’altro, ENAC, ENAC, Assaeroporti, Ministero dell’Ambiente, ARPA regionali e una delle aerolinee italiane (o ex italiane) storiche non hanno ad esempio analizzato e valutato procedure di decollo in vigore nei Paesi e negli scali aerei dove tali obiettivi sono realmente perseguiti?
Altrove sono stati prefigurati specifici “profili” di decollo in relazione alla tipologia di velivoli.
Ecco, ad esempio, una serie dei 14 “profili” disponibili, e rapportati alla vicinanza alla pista della zona sensibile da sorvolare:
A319, A320, B737, B747, B757, B767, B777
Profile 1
• Takeoff Power and Flaps Climbing at V2 plus to 800’ AFE
• At 800’ Set Climb Power
• Constant Speed Climb to 1500’ AFE
• At 1500’, Reduce Pitch, Accelerate and Retract Flaps on Schedule
• Constant Speed Climb to 3,000’ AFE
• At 3000’, Accelerate to 250 kts.
• Constant Speed Climb to 10,000’
B737, MD90
Profile 2
• Takeoff Power and Flaps Climbing at V2 plus to 800’ AFE
• At 800’, Set Climb Power
• Constant Speed Climb to 2500’ AFE
• At 2500’, Accelerate to 250 kts While Retracting Flaps on Schedule
• Constant Speed Climb at 250 kts to 10,000’
A319, A320, B737, B747, B757, B767, B777
Profile 3
• Takeoff Power and Flaps Climbing at V2 plus to 800’ AFE
• At 800’, Reduce Pitch, Accelerate and Retract Flaps on Schedule, Following Initial Flap
Retraction (B747 Flap 5; B777 Flap 1), Set Climb Thrust
• Constant Speed Climb to 3000’ AFE
• At 3000’ Accelerate to 250 kts
• Constant Speed Climb at 250 kts to 10,000’
B747, B767, B777
Profile 4
• Takeoff Power and Flaps Climbing at V2 plus to 800’ AFE
• At 800’, Reduce Pitch, Set Climb Power, Accelerate and Retract Flaps on Schedule
• Constant Speed Climb to 3000’ AFE
• At 3000’ Accelerate to 250 kts
• Constant Speed Climb to 10,000’
A300, A319, A320, A321, A330, B737, B747, B757, B767, B777, MD80, MD90
Profile 5
• Takeoff Power and Flaps Climbing at V2 plus to 1000’ AFE
• At 1000’ AFE, Set Climb Power, Reduce Pitch, Accelerate and Retract Flaps on Schedule
• Constant Speed Climb to 2500’ AFE
• At 2500’ AFE, Accelerate to 250 kts.
• Constant Speed Climb at 250 kts to 10,000’
MD80, B737, B757, B767, B777
Profile 6
• Takeoff Power and Flaps Climbing at V2 plus to 1000’ AFE
• At 1000’, Set Climb Power
• Constant Speed Climb at V2 plus to 2500’ AFE
• At 2500’, Reduce Pitch, Accelerate and Retract Flaps on Schedule
• Accelerate to 250 kts
• Constant Speed Climb at 250 kts to 10,000’
B757, B767, B777
Profile 7
• Takeoff Power and Flaps Climbing at V2 plus to 1000’ AFE
• At 1000’, Reduce Pitch, Accelerate and Retract Flaps on Schedule
• Set Climb Thrust
• At 3000’, Accelerate to 250 kts
• Constant Speed Climb at 250 kts to 10,000’
B737
Profile 8
• Takeoff Power and Flaps Climbing at V2 plus to 1000’ AFE
• At 1000’, Reduce Pitch, Accelerate and Retract Flaps on Schedule
• At Clean Speed, Set Minimum Power (1.2% Gradient)
• Constant Speed Climb to 2500’ AFE
• At 2500’, Accelerate to 250 kts
• Constant Speed Climb at 250 kts to 10,000’
B737
Profile 9
• Takeoff Power and Flaps Climbing at V2 plus to 1000’ AFE
• At 1000’, Set Minimum Power (1.2% Gradient)
• Constant Speed Climb to 2500’ AFE
• At 2500’, Reduce Pitch, Accelerate to 250 kts while Retracting Flaps on Schedule
Aircraft: A320, A321, B747, B767, B777
Profile 10
• Takeoff Power and Flaps Climbing at V2 plus to 1000’ AFE
• At 1000’, Accelerate and Retract Flaps on Schedule
• At 1500’ AFE, Set Climb Power, Accelerate to 250 kts
• Constant Speed Climb at 250 kts to 10,000’
A300, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, B767, B777, MD11, MD80
Profile 11
• Takeoff Power and Flaps Climbing at V2 plus to 1500’ AFE
• At 1500’, Set Climb Power, Reduce Pitch, Accelerate to Greater of Clean Speed or 250 kts While
Retracting Flaps on Schedule
• Constant Speed Climb at 250 kts to 10,000’
A300, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, B737, B747, B757, B767, B777, DC10, MD11,
MD80, EMB145
Profile 12
• Takeoff Power and Flaps Climbing at V2 plus to 1500’ AFE
• At 1500’, Set Climb Power
• Constant Speed Climb to 3000’ AFE
• At 3000’, Accelerate to 250 kts while Retracting Flaps on Schedule
• Constant Speed Climb at 250 kts to 10,000’
B777
Profile 13
• Takeoff Power and Flaps Climbing at V2 plus to 1500’ AFE
• At 1000’, Set Climb Power
• Constant Speed Climb to 3000’ AFE
• At 3000’, Accelerate to 250 kts while Retracting Flaps on Schedule
• Constant Speed Climb at 250 kts to 10,000’
B777
Profile 14
• Takeoff Power and Flaps Climbing at V2 plus to 1000’ AFE
• At 1000’, Set Climb Power, Reduce Pitch, Accelerate to Greater of Clean Speed or 250 kts While
Retracting Flaps on Schedule
• Constant Speed Climb at 250 kts to 10,000’.